What is Strategic Human Resource Management(SHRM)

Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) is concerned with establishing a specific and managed cause and effect relationship between an organisations actions to survive and grow and its HRM principle and practices. It is also concerned with the mechanism through which people in an organisation gain an understanding of the purpose of the organisation, its goals and strategic objectives. As well as how the organisation related to its external environment in order to achieve these goals and objectives (SHU International MBA, Intro to SHRM unit p.1) Introduction Human resource management (HRM) can broadly be defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations most value asset - the people work there, who†¦show more content†¦This strategy level is typically primarily concerned with maximizing resource productivity and addresses the question, How do we support the business-level competitive strategy? Consistent with this, at the functional level, HRM policies and practices support the business strategy goals. Developing human resource strategies Human resource strategy contributes top the business strategy but is also justified by, the aim should be make it imaginative, innovative, clear and actionable. Its must also be selective, focusing on priorities, and flexible, rapidly adjusting to change. HR strategy should be formulated by s continuous process of analysing what is happening to the business and where it is going. So, we do know why we need SHRM to support organisation strategy, but how can we implement the SHRM to the organisation, and what kind of tools and practice we can use to shaping the organisation strategy in the term of Human Resource Management. The answer for this is fairly easy, we know the Top Level is the Strategy, and the bottom level is the worker on work floor. The linkage between these is a linkage mechanism, which general identify as Manager of that particular department. What is the responsibility of manager? In general, the key of a manager is to keep a good relationship with the employee, without the good relationship, the organisation will unable to run the daily task to achieve what they got to achieve. In other word a manager isShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Strategic Human Resource Management ( Shrm )1791 Words   |  8 Pages OBE63343 What is Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) a) Do examples of SHRM exist in you region of study? Give examples in your analysis. b) How do you think business (or government) in your region could approach their HRM practices more strategically â€Æ' Contents Abstract Introduction Main Body - Management of People for Strategic Success - Strategic Fit - Examples of SHRM in the UAE - Potential Strategies for businesses in the UAE Conclusion Bibliography Abstract ThisRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management Case Study1167 Words   |  5 PagesStrategic Human Resource Management In today’s business world, the most powerful asset to a company and what deserves the most attention are their employees. Businesses strive for a high profitable environment by sustaining a competitive edge in the market that they operate. There are a lot of factors that drive a businesses’ success level, but the employees are by far the most vital resource to a company’s well being. Research has shown that productivity and overall performance are related to theRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management1158 Words   |  5 PagesTopics in Human Resource Management Module 1 Case Study Module 1 Case: â€Å"Strategic Human Resource Management† Introduction Human resource management (HRM) has it own challenges, but management is more focus on what HR can offer their organization in the future. Looking back to the evolution of human resource field, it has followed the history of business in the United States and most western countries. 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Then we look into the different models of SHRM how these models compare with each other. Literature review intends to develop a new framework which is a combination of two frameworks, The Harvard Model and the Warwick model of SHRM. STRATEGIC HUMANRead MoreTrace the Development of Strategic Human Resource Management from the Resource Based View of the Firm. How Does the Resource Based View of the Firm Facilitate and Inhibit the Actual Practice of Strategic Human Resource Management.1538 Words   |  7 PagesToday, human resources are seen as the available talents and energies of people who are available to an organization as potential contributors to the creation and realization of the organizations mission, vision, strategy and goals (Jackson and Schuler, 2000, p. 37).There exist two models that seek to describe what strategy is and how an organization should develop such strategy. The first model known as the Industrial Organization (I/O) model is based on the assumption that firms competing inRead MoreThe Global War For Talent1509 Words   |  7 PagesHuman capital is possibly the most vital, yet overlooked, means of establishing competitive advantage for companies today. Business periodical have featured t he â€Å"global war for talent†, the need for better ways to encourage innovation, the complexities posed by the maturing work-force, or the preparedness of the talent pipeline. Further, rarely can one look through a company’s annual report or listen to a CEO presentation without being reminded that â€Å"people are our greatest asset.† Regardless of

Race and Bullying in School Essay - 528 Words

Since coming to America, I have moved to an ample amount of places because my father’s job concerns. I changed school frequently and in each new school I was never greeted with a warm welcome. With one glance my classmates saw I was different from them. I was often bullied and teased because of my racial difference from my classmates, from these experiences I became a quiet and docile girl. This way I thought I would not get in anyone’s way. I had closed up in the world in front of me; I never expressed my own opinions and always agreed with the majority. However secretly inside of me, I was frustrated not being able to express myself and yet I was unable to change. I craved to be what I was in the inside to be on the outside. Still by†¦show more content†¦Finally I decided that I had enough of myself of being submissive so I gathered all my strength and asked her to be my partner for a school project. This was something new to me since usually I was the one t hat would never ask someone for a request. When I worked with her, it was the first time for me to have conversions with my partner. Before working with Kim I never spoke to my partners besides asking him or her questions about the project. While working with her, I learned that it was okay to express yourself. I started to grasp meaning to the phrase: â€Å"We only have one chance in life, so why not go for it with all your might?† Kim showed me that although there will be people trying to stop you from what you want, but you cannot let them stop you. By the end of the school year I had overcome my fear to express myself. I became one of the loudest students in the classroom along with my best friend Kim. I have calmed down now since elementary school. Kim has caused a cogent drive in me to help other people be themselves. I am a notably activity member of my community and school. 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Management Accounting Reporting - Periodic Variance Analysis

Question: 1. Discuss the importance of management accounting for your selected organisation and differentiate between management accounting and financial accounting. 2. Evaluate different classifications of costs (types, behaviour, function and relevance) with examples. 3. Explain the meaning of variance analysis and discuss the most commonly derived variances, outlining the problems and limitations. 4. Identify different operational budgets and explain the advantages of preparing. Answer: Introduction Management Accounting is a system of partnering in management decision making. The main priority is to give the right information to the right person at the right time.The management accounting reports help the decision makers in their day to day management and control of their functions.This report attempts to describe how Management Accounting can help M/s Silicon Inc., operating in the Automobile components manufacturing industry, to improve its operating efficiency by controlling costs and improving profitability. Section I discusses the concept of Management Accounting, its importance and also distinguishes it with Financial Accounting. Section II evaluates the various types of costs, their behaviour, functions relevance. Section III explains the meaning of variance analysis, its relevance limitations. Section IV identifies different operational budgets and the advantages of preparing them. Section I: Management Accounting Importance Relevance Management accounting basically relies on the financial accounting data and presents it in a manner and format relevant to the requirement of the decision makers. These reports are prepared and shared on periodic basis like weekly/ fortnightly/ monthly etc. For eg. a weekly scrap generation report can help the production manager to analyse the in-process losses and decide on machine calibration/preventive maintenance in a timely manner. A monthly labour efficient variance report can help the Human Resources manager to analyse the labour efficiency issue and address them in a timely manner The benefits of Management Accounting are given below: Proper presentation financial data Managers are able to timely decisions Better equips managers for decision makers There will be better acceptability for every decision taken The entire organisation will speak the same language Management accounting vs Financial Accounting Difference between both the methods is illustrated in a tabular form below Sl. No. Particulars Management Accounting Financial Accounting 1. Used by People inside the organization People outside the organization such as shareholders, Government etc. 2. Relevance Supports decision making Reports the end result of the business 3. Mandatory? No Yes 4. Flexibility Reporting is flexible according to need Reporting requirement is rigid 5. Data coverage Current issues and future forecast Past data upto the reporting date Periodicity As per requirement End of every accounting period 6. 7. Reports Prepared in customised formats As prescribed by standards such as GAAP or IFRS 8. End user focus Focuses on each department or individual Pertains to the entire organization 9. Rules No legal requirement or rule As prescribed by standards such as GAAP or IFRS 10. Format No prescribed format There are specific formats for presenting data Section II: Costs Types of costs All costs can be categorised based on the following Relevance Behaviour Function Each of these are explained below Classification by Relevance Sunk Cost Sunk cost is also called as historic cost. This cost is not considered relevant for decision making as it has already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Example Fixed assets purchased. Opportunity Cost It is a cost that arises due to non-selection of second best alternative .There is cost directly incurred in this case. It is the value of the foregone alternative which is considered relevant for decicsion making. This helps in evaluating the various investment. Example, a company has certain spare machine in the factory where it can either put to use and generate certain output or it can sell it out. If it decides to sell it, then it has to forgo the option of generating the output and the net income which the product would have earned. The foregone income is the opportunity cost Differential Cost Differential cost refers to the difference between the two available alternatives courses of action. If the organisation chooses one alternative against another, then if would have to incur certain incremental costs. Differential cost helps in choosing the better alternative over the others. In the above example, the normal costs of maintaining the machine would not be required to be incurred after sale. The savings in maintenance cost will become the differential cost. Classification by Behaviour Fixed Cost- Fixed cost do not vary with level of production output. This is independent of any business activity or volume of production. Example, Administration Staff salary, Rent Variable Cost The variable cost changes according to the change in level of activity , the higher activity tends to higher variable cost and vise. Material cost , labor cost are the example of variable cost Mixed Cost- Costs which have both fixed and variable components. For example Store Consumable are consumed in machines according to design and any consumption beyond a certain limit will increase with an increase in the level of output. All the three above costs can be graphically represented as follows Classification by Function Product cost Product Costs are all those costs incurred towards manufacturing a particular product. Product cost is further classified into the following: Direct Materials All the costs incurred to purchase the raw materials Direct Labour The cost of labour time spent in manufacturing Manufacturing Overheads All the indirect costs incurred in production excluding the direct material labour. Period Cost Period cost are all the costs other that the Product cost. Example marketing costs, administrative costs etc. It is the cost of running the business. These costs cannot be assigned to the products. Most of the time, these costs are not manufacturing costs. The above costs can are explained in the below diagram Section III: Variance Analysis Meaning Variance Analysis essentially compares the actual performance with respect to the planned performance. Such analysis can give businesses good insights into the causes of not achieving the planned profits. Identification of root cause helps in taking the proper corrective actions and prevent it from recurring. This is a very effective control mechanism. Types of Variances The variances can be broadly classified as in the diagram below These broad variances and the further subdivisions are explained below. Sales Variance Sales variance measures change in profit due to a variance in sales. The Sales Volume can be on account of Sales Volume variance Sales Price variance. Sales Volume variance = (Actual Unit Soldx Standard Profit) (Budgeted Units Sold x Standard Profit) Favourable Sales Volume indicates a higher actual profit than the budgeted profit due to more than expected sales achieved through better marketing for the product in the market Sales Price variance = (Actual price x Actual Units sold) (Standard price x Actual Units sold) A favourable Sales price variance indicates the product has been able to fetch a better price in the market through better negotiation and demand. Material Variance The above variance is derived by differentiating the actual material cost versus the standard material cost. This can be a result of a Material Price variance or a Material Usage variance. Material Price Variance = (Actual Price x Actual Quantity) (Standard Pricex Actual Quantity) A favourable material price variance indicates a probable slump in the market due to which raw material is available at a cheaper price. It may also indicate a good negotiation. Material Usage Variance = (Actual quantityx Standard price) (Standard Quantity x Standard price) This can be further divided into Material Mix variance Material Yield variance. Material mix variance occurs when there a change in the product mix versus the standard mix. In such circumstances, if the cheaper material is used less in place of the costlier material due to a change in mix, then it can result in a adverse material mix variance. A lesser usage of material vis a vis the standard design can result in a favourable yield variance. This may be due to better shop floor control and regular maintenance of machines. Labour Variance This is the difference between the Actual Labour cost versus the Standard Labour cost. This can be a result of a Labour Rate variance or a Labour Efficiency variance. Labour Rate Variance = (Actual Ratex Actual Hours) (Standard Rate x Actual Hours) A favourable Labour rate variance indicates that labour is available at cheaper rates in the market Labour Efficiency Variance = (Actual hours x Standard Rate) (Standard hours x Standard Rate) A favourable labour efficiency variance indicates an overall improvement in efficiency of the labour employed. This may be due to better motivation and better working conditions in the factory. Overhead variance This is the measure of variance between the standard overhead expenses versus the actual overhead expense. This may be a result of operational efficiency and cost saving initiatives. It may also be a result of wrong estimation of standards. Problems Limitations Though variance analysis is a good tool to identify inefficiencies in the system, the method has certain inherent limitations which are as follows This is not universally applicable and works mostly in manufacturing indutries Not practical in non-standard production process/batches An error in standard setting can give wrong results This method requires regular monitoring and tracking failing which results cannot be achieved. Managers would be tempted to build budget slack thereby making the process ineffective Possibility of compromising on product quality for the sake of improving yield variance Section IV: Operational Budget Operational budget is projects the financial plan of a business for a defined period of time. Operational budget requires proper planning of all the phases of operations. Types of Operational Budget The most common types of operational budgets are explained below Profit Budget Here both the revenue expense budgets are combined to arrive at gross and net profits. In this process the adequacy of revenue vis a vis the expense in evaluated. This helps in allocating managers with their share of organisations performance. Revenue (Sales) Budget Revenue budget is fixed after studying the market and scope for expansion of business. It projects the sales for the budget period and identifies the revenues generating areas. Purchase Budget Proper vendor selection, exploring market and availability of the raw material is the important parameter here. Timing and volume planning will ensure availability of stock adequate to cater to production budget. Production Budget A good production budget will be set in such a way that there is a proper balance between an overproduction and a stock out situation. Volume and timing of production is also set in this process for the budget period. Direct Labour Budget Proper manning and proper matching of the right job with the right skill set are important parameters to be considered here. Importance of Operational Budget Regular tracking and monitoring helps in maintaining revenue and cost levels at optimum Helps in projecting future expenses with reasonable level of accuracy Helps in identifying potential setbacks and equips to recover from them Ensure accountability from the managers due to their ongoing involvement and regular monitoring Section V: Recommendation Conclusion Management accounting, through its process of timely reporting, periodic variance analysis and budgeting perfectly complements the Employees and Managers in their day to day decision making process. The management accounting reports also have a high level of accuracy as most of the data is derived out of financial accounting data. A robust Management Accounting system which gives timely reports and timely and useful information helps all departments in achieving their results which collectively contributes towards operational efficiency, controlling costs and improving profitability. It is hence recommended that a robust Management Accounting system be implemented in SiliconInc. References businessdictionary.com, n.d. Management Accounting, [Online], Available at:https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/management-accounting.html, [Accessed date: March 27,2016] debitoor.com, n.d. Management accounting - What is Management accounting?, [Online], Available at: https://debitoor.com/dictionary/management-accounting, [Accessed date: March 27, 2016] diffen.com, n.d. Financial Accounting vsManagement accounting, [Online], Available at: https://www.diffen.com/difference/Financial_Accounting_vs_Management_Accounting, [Accessed date: March 27, 2016] keydifferences.com, n.d. Differences between Financial Accounting and Management accounting, [Online], Available at: https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-financial-accounting-and-management-accounting.html, [Accessed date: March 27, 2016] accountingexplained.com, n.d. Cost and Cost Classifications, [Online], Available at: https://accountingexplained.com/managerial/costs/, [Accessed date: March 27, 2016] DeBenedetti J, 2016. Types of Costs in Management Accounting, [Online], Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/types-costs-management-accounting-80540.html,[Accessed date: March 27, 2016] Hunter R, 2010. Types of Costs in Managerial Accounting, [Online], Available at: https://www.brighthub.com/office/finance/articles/72933.aspx, [Accessed date: March 27, 2016] Swanson L, n.d. Managerial Accounting and Cost Classification, [Online], Available at:https://ww2.nscc.edu/swanson_l/ACCT1020/Presentations/Ch%2018%20Managerial%20Accounting.pdf, [Accessed date: March 27, 2016] accounting-simplified.com, n.d. Variance Analysis, [Online], Available at: https://accounting-simplified.com/management/variance-analysis/, [Accessed date: March 27, 2016] tutor2u.com, n.d. Variances - Introduction, [Online], Available at: https:// www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/variances-introduction, [Accessed date: March 27, 2016] accounting-simplified.com, n.d. Limitations of Standard Costing Variance Analysis, [Online], Available at: https://accounting-simplified.com/management/variance-analysis/disadvantages-of-standard-costing-and-variance-analysis.html, [Accessed date: March 27, 2016] community.plu.edu, n.d. Operational Budgeting, [Online], Available at: https://community.plu.edu/~mgtacctg/operational_budgeting.htm, [Accessed date: March 27, 2016] wysant.com, n.d. Operational Budgeting, [Online], Available at: https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/accounting/operational-budgeting , [Accessed date: March 27, 2016]

Madness In Hamlet Essays - Characters In Hamlet,

Madness in Hamlet Madness may be ?mental incapacity caused by an unmentionable injury.? Such wounds often are not easily perceived but may be revealed in time of stress. Hamlet's question, ?have you a daughter(Act II. Sc2 182) Polonius about the Prince's emotional state. What is hidden will surely be told to Cloudius by his adviser. Laertes' search for revenge is sharper proof that madness in degrees of publicity causes harm to the observers. Claudius promise ?no wind of blame?(Act IV, Sc.7,66) once Laertes kills Hamlet; perhaps this is what the uncle has sought all along for himself. Ophelia has a unique, very powerful form of madness; she seems caught as a ?baker's daughter,"(Act IV, Sc. 5, 42) between memories of her father and Hamlet who ought have spokedn to her of events on ?Valentine's day."(Act IV, Sc 5, 48) She is doubly hexed and the madness she has infects the whole court. Once a person's mental state has been studied in public, there is no telling the injuries which may affect the viewers. Ever since the death of King Hamlet young Hamlet has been what appeared to be in a state of madness. In a discussion between Hamlet and Polonius Hamlet questions Polonius by asking him ?have you a daughter.?(Act II, Sc.2, 182) In this discussion Hamlet shows antic behavior towards Polonius by mocking him when Hamlet would usually show great respect for him because of he age and heis high position in the court. This sudden question to Polonius has caused Polonius to believe that Hamlet has a form of love-sickness and that Polonius is sure to tell Claudius of his condition. Hamlet also accuses Polonius of being the ?Jephthah, judge of Israel,?(Act II,Sc.2, 399) meaning that Polonius would put his country in front of his daughter. Hamlet has now convinced Polonius that he is in a state of madness because he knows that Polonius cares for his daughter very much and would never put her second. By convincing Polonius that he has no consideration for the well-being of others, Hamlet is then hoping that Polonius will tell the court of his emotional madness. Unlike Hamlet, Laertes has developed a different kind of madness, a madness that is controlled by revenge. When Laertes is talking to Claudius, Laertes gets so much revenge building up inside him against Hamlet that Laertes now wants to ?cut his throat.?(Act 4,Sc.7,125) Laertes' behavior is caused by the sudden death of his father who was without a due ceremony, and his sister who has been driven mad, has contributed to the madness that is being built up inside Laertes. This madness grows even stronger when Claudius promises ?no wind of blame?(Act IV.Sc7,66) when Laertes kills Hamlet. With Claudius being the puppet holder and Laertes being the puppet, Claudius turns Laertes into a savage beast to avenge for his fathers' death; perhaps this is what the Claudius has planned all along. Laertes has a form of madness that is escalating because Laertes knows that he has the capabilities and motivation to act on what he believes on. Ophelia has a unique form of madness unlike Hamlet's and Laertes' because it a mixture of love and hate. An example of hate is when she sings about a ?baker's daughter.?(Act IV,Sc.5,42) Ophelia is referring to the way her father used to treat her before the tragic incident of his death. A love within her madness is when she speaks about the events on ?Valentine's day.?(Act IV, Sc.5,48) When Ophelia speaks about Valentines day she is referring to the events of romance that she was denied. Ophelia's madness is brought on by her lack of being able to demonstrate any maturity in trying to cope with her losses and in return can only inflict her madness on the court. By stating that Hamlet could have controlled his fraudulent madness, he then had the capability of controlling his conscious mind into acting traditional. Where Laertes was very influential by others and had no real control over the mental state he was developing by the sway of Claudius. Ophelia was the most innocent victim of all because she was the side affect of everyone else's actions and had no idea that she