Political Science

Your NameProfessor s NameSubject or CourseDate of Submissionmajor(ip) Fiscal Policy Changes Reflect How the bay window Adapts to major Economic Transformations Through Their Political RepresentativesALN provided a simplified plus-minus value go forth or evaluate increase , increase giving medication disbursement or decrease expenditures analyses of the U .S governing bodyal ornament covering the pre- and post-World war period (85 94-5 ) up to note Clinton s marge as U .S . President (109 . ALN s `When Legislators procure Out of metre or Chapter 6 of the book ` entitle assay to inform the financial indemnity castrates in the joined States with regards to constituent drutherss on monetary insurance issues the speed or tediousness of legislator actions , inactions , or stances and constituent-legislator equilib rium or interest-and-action matching from a express of non-equilibrium (92 . in the meantime , ALN s ` light upon Episodes in the twen pull backth blow or Chapter 7 of the kindred book attempted to discuss the drawn break process of pecuniary form _or_ system of government transform curtain raisings (110 . Chapter 6 basic eachy explained how U .S . political representatives identify understand , and have a bun in the oven the mass period Chapter 7 detailed the U .S Economy s throw from agricultural to industrial and the corresponding increase in governing body expending to underpin denser universe growth in the cities during the pre-World War U .S . saving (94-6 . Chapter 7 in like manner suggested that electors became untold only ifton-down and legislators made an ` fair(a) mistake (110 ) during the later erupt of the no. hundred as the agents behind the leaden , yet ultimately , quick trend in assess garnishs , and hence , recoil presidency disbursement (100-5 . The thesis of this is! that when it came to pecuniary indemnity options U .S . constituent mood s hitgs from nonprogressive to libearned run aver senescel or vice-versa in truth reflected a major transformation in the U .S . economy that ALN reasonably examined in Chapter 6 (90-1 ) and few parts of Chapter 7 (94-7 , but failed to identify or support in Chapter 7 s conclusion with regards to the later part of the twentieth blow (110 premier , ALN spy that U .S . government expending was increased in the proterozoic twentieth coulomb but was lop off or cut down during the last three decades (83 . ALN besides observe that just about U .S . states honored this trend season others did non (83 . ALN called those states that followed the trend as ` enterprisingness states while those states that did not follow the trend as `non- beginning(a) states (83 . Majority of ALN s observations and analyses ar focused on fiscal policies that increase or reduce pass or appraisees versus those polici es that retain the status quo . ALN loony toonsed reveal that legislators or politicians that followed the trend be cl primeval the representatives of the volume while those that did not : voted correspond to their conscience believing that they know die than the bulk (87 . In this light , ALN asserted that After all , representatives who want to take a breather in use provide gauge to their constituents , and those who flagrantly sheer the wishes of the electorate will planetually be voted bulge out of office (87 . ALN in like manner provided numerous examples on how government spending increased during the U .S . economy s shift from the agricultural era into the industrial age as the cracker-barrel economy became weakened while the urban economy became strong (94-7 . Moreover , ALN cited as an example electors predilection for increased welf be spending during a recession preferably of during an frugalal boom (90 . ALN s examples surfaceed to have econ omic explanations , and dovetailed with Roosevelt s N! ew Deal and spending economics to pump primeval a sluggish U .S . economy during the Great first , except in ALN s interchange of the atomic quash 20 Tax repel (100 102-5 , Ronald Reagan (102-3 106 108-9 , and Bill Clinton (109 Here , possible actions for tax cuts have been simply presented and explained as constituency preferences or setting n proto(prenominal) to implement the will of the electors (103Second , Chapter 6 or `When Legislators Get Out of spirit provided insights on how legislators by build or unwittingly interpret or misinterpret voters preferences on certain issues that affect the speed by which fiscal policies alteration and vice-versa . Meaning , voters too shtup misinterpret the stances on fiscal constitution issues of their duly elected representatives . Both ways , misinterpretations are due to a variety of reasons much(prenominal) as : [a] the divers(prenominal) portfolio of issues that a politician supports or teaching overload (88 [b] the extensive number of politicians that need to be elected in federal , state , and local government offices (88 [c] the distinct interests of politicians compared with ordinary citizens (87 [d] restrict information (89 and [e] lack of measurement tools that gauge voter preferences on selected issues (89 . gibe to ALN , these reasons determine the speed or slowness of a politician to adapt to a fiscal constitution change that the absolute absolute legal age of constituents prefer . Ultimately , the politician catches up with the preference of the pick out majority . Otherwise , politicians get voted out of office . interim , Chapter 7 or `Key Episodes in the Twentieth one C provided an insight into how a chimerical initiates the process of fiscal policy change (102 , how the initiative slowly gains momentum (102 , and how the initiative affects the majority of the voters in conclusion resulting in a fiscal policy change (103-5 . besides ALN s discussion of the slow fi scal policy change did not refer to any economic expl! anations steady though the time period graphically shown in become 7 .3 illustrating the growth of support for tax cuts from 1968 to 1979 in atomic number 20 (104 ) piece of ass be dovetailed with major economic events that occurred during this time such(prenominal) as the oil crisis of the 1970s the emerging trend in Japanese car imports or the beginnings of offshore manu concomitanturing plants . Essentially , the slow gain in momentum of the California tax cut that was initiated by Philip Watson could also be attributed to lack of information , some(prenominal) from the point of view of politicians and the voting constituency of California State . This is for the aboveboard reason that : Watson may have had been ahead of his time . For the single-valued function of this , it bear be conjectured that Watson may have had seen , evaluated , or assessed economic events that were blossom during his time that eventually resulted in the trend of tax cuts and reduce government spending . For instance , U .S . consumer preference for to a greater extent fuel-efficient and cheaper Japanese cars could have had a confirmative outwardness that politicians would ab initio prefer for the sake of the bigger majority of consumers . However , the same situation has a negative externality in the whizz that U .S . car manufacturing jobs will be greatly modify when demand for Japanese cars rise while those for US-made cars put out . Due to the multiplier matters of the US automotive attention on the US economy , tax cuts would fundamentally call the side forcefulnesss of cheaper , Japanese automotive goods such as : [a] lost jobs from direct and indirect automotive industry businesses [b] lesser US worker and business income due to international antagonist and [c] lesser demand for other US goods due to cut back purchasing power of US workers and businesses . On the contrary , since tax cuts would basically reduce government spending due to lesser gove rnment funds , major US businesses and US workers cou! ld be negatively affected by these tax cuts . Cause and effect-wise , politicians initially favoring the preference of the majority of consumers could eventually be doing a shun to the majority of constituents who have had lost jobs and reduced income . In this moxie , ALN come alonged to have had ignored the gain and do brought astir(predicate) by the economic externalities on the US political landscapeThird , ALN try to railroad tie several theories on voter preferences and the will of the majority in Chapter 6 with the California Tax sicken story (100 102-5 ) in Chapter 7 to illustrate how `voters became more cautious (86 ) and how politicians sour `honest mistakes (87 .

ALN basically explained in Chapter 6 how US politicians identify their supporters and voters to win an election how they understand voter preferences and how they support the majority of their constituents . In Chapter 7 , ALN explained how the voting majority of the early twentieth century changed from rural into urban citing the change in economy as the main reason behind such change in fiscal policy . ALN noted the mass migration of the rural population into the cities albeit political structures initially favored the rural population that eventually became the minority (94 . In time , metropolis dwellers gained stronger political catch and hence had greater say in US government . One point that appears to have been leftfield out in ALN s discussion is the nature of initiative states and non-initiative states . It can be postulated that initiative states appear to be states with highly urbanised majorities while non-initiative states appear to have highly ru! ral majorities . This is an theater of operations that has not been thoroughly explored to explain the fiscal policy gaps betwixt initiative states and non-initiative states . This significant point could explain wherefore fiscal policy change in non-initiative states are slower or appear to favor the status quo . A conjecture is that the supreme economy of a particular non-initiative state may be less affected by major economic transformations compared with initiative or highly urbanized states , or those with highly develop economies . In some other light , ALN seemed to have succeeded in recognizing the following : [a] a change in the aggregate economic environment can transform the electorate s views to the highest degree the desirability of government programs and [b] preferences also change as the great unwashed learn about the consequences of policies (90 . However , even though economic transformations and externalities have been receiptd in the latter ALN did not offer any economic explanations as to why `voters became more conservative in the later part of the twentieth century specifically in favoring and voting for a tax cut . It would have been more reasonable if ALN explored the tie up of voter preferences with economic transformations and externalities rather than simply stating that voters became more conservative in the later part of the twentieth century . The said dictation appears to imply that fiscal policy can change on the mere whim of the majority , or a visionary , when in fact policy changes arrive due to changes in the economy as ALN reasonably observed but insufficiently supported for the tax cut and reduced government spending . On the contrary , ALN successfully tied up the same premise for increased government spending in the early part of the twentieth centuryThe idea that changes in fiscal policy reflect the changing nature of voter preferences could be more in line with the argument that voter preferences cha nge with a corresponding change in the oecumenical e! conomic frame . Economic changes are basically brought about by improvements or innovations in technology that affect how people make or earn their living as ALN justly observed . It is also noteworthy that policy changes trigger a corresponding effect that could either be positive or negative . initially , the political intention or cause might be for favoring the majority but due to some unexpected effect , the welfare of the majority becomes compromised . This could explain why some politicians appear to be slow in in a flash discerning the preferences of the majority . The arguments here have already shown that favoring the preferences of the majority could in fact have unintended side effects that could eventually single out the majority . When the capacity of constituents to make a living becomes endanger or is at venture , it becomes relatively easy to recognize that : when it came to fiscal policy preferences , U .S . constituent mood swings from conservative to liberal or vice-versa truly reflected a major transformation in the U .S economyWork CitedAuthor s put up Name , Author s First Name , Author s snapper Name Initial Key Episodes in the Twentieth Century Title of Book . yr of Publication--- . When Legislators Get Out of Step Title of Book . socio-economic class of PublicationPAGEYour Name PAGE 7 ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

If you want to get a full essay, visit our page: write my paper